The 1990s bring a renewed emphasis on technology transfer and economic competitiveness has emerged as a national priority. It is, therefore, particularly timely that universities review their conflict-of-interest policies to ensure that these policies continue to protect the integrity of the institution and the research process, encourage the free flow of knowledge and ideas, and ensure that public and institutional resources are used appropriately. This document is designed to provide a framework within which institutions can review their conflict-of-interest policies, with specific attention to managing financial conflicts.