This background briefing on Foreign Malign Influence and Higher Education was prepared by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the Department of Education, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. This product is the result of years of effort by the interagency to create coordinated definitions for key threats to U.S. Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs), including Foreign Malign Influence (FMI), Misappropriation of Research, and Transnational Repression (TNR).