Investments in higher education and research are proven drivers of economic growth. They are vital for the development of new technologies, processes, and a workforce that will advance our national security, our energy self-sufficiency, and our citizens’ health. With our investments in scientific research having flattened out and competitor nations pouring resources into research and higher education, we face a significant innovation deficit that threatens our nation’s global economic preeminence. If not addressed, it will soon force us to surrender America’s position as the global innovation leader.