AAU, COGR, APLU, ACE, and AAMC submitted comments in response to the U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Industry and Security’s advance notice of proposed rulemaking about the review of controls on certain foundational technologies. The associations recommend that the bureau avoid imposing overly broad controls on foundational technologies and tailor new export and re-export controls to specific risks proposed by specific countries. The letter concludes by saying that “controls on foundational technology should be the minimum necessary to address the specific national security concern posed by the technology.”