The Association of American Universities (AAU) represents 60 leading public and private U.S. research universities which collectively receive nearly 60 percent of National Institutes of Health (NIH) extramural funds. As such, we are greatly interested in the sustainability of biomedical research and commend NIH for engaging in a dialogue with stakeholders. AAU’s comments below focus on general themes related to sustainability, organized according to the four categories provided in the RFI.