I write on behalf of the Association of American Universities, the American Council on Education, and the National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges to express the concerns of our member colleges and universities with S. 2560, the Inducing Infringement of Copyright Act of 2004. In particular, we are concerned that the broad concepts of “aiding,” “abetting,” or “inducing,” and the uncertain standard of imputed intent, will increase the risk that colleges and universities will face claims of infringement when they develop and provide to students and faculties high-speed computer networks and beneficial new applications that will dramatically enrich educational programs, open new possibilities in the conduct of research, facilitate research collaboration, and enhance communication of research results..